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水利工程管理单位财务管理办法

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水利工程管理单位财务管理办法

水利部/财政部


水利工程管理单位财务管理办法
水利部/财政部



第一章 总 则
第一条 为了促进水利工程管理单位的经营管理工作,加强经济核算,不断提高财务管理水平和资金使用效果,充分发挥工程效益,根据国家有关规定,特制定本办法。
第二条 水利工程管理单位应在保证工程安全、充分发挥工程效益的前提下,积极利用管护范围内的水土资源和现有工程设施,发挥优势,因地制宜地开展水电、养鱼、植树、农副业、畜牧业、运输业、机械修造加工和旅游业等综合经营,广开生产门路,增加收入,努力做到经费自给
有余。
第三条 水利工程管理单位的财务管理工作,要认真贯彻执行党和国家的方针政策、法令和财政规章制度;坚持勤俭办一切事业,合理使用资金,注意经济效果;维护财经纪律,加强财务监督,充分发挥财会工作的职能作用。
第四条 水利工程管理单位属于事业性质的生产服务单位,按企业要求进行管理,实行财务包干、结余留用的办法。要求增收节支,以收抵支,逐步减少国家财政补贴,尽快做到经费自给有余。财务包干可以分别不同情况,采取以下三种方式:
1.“定额上交,超收留用”。适用于收入较多,经费自给有余的单位。
2.“收入不交,差额不补,自求平衡,以丰补歉”。适用于经费自给自足的单位。
3.“定收定支,定额补贴,超亏不补,限期自给”。适用于新建和经费暂时不能自给的单位。
以上三种形式,具体到一个单位实行哪一种形式以及定额上交和定额补贴的标准,由水利主管部门会同财政部门核定。
水利工程管理单位,除按原来规定应交财政部门的收入外,上交给主管部门的收入,由水利部门商同财政部门调剂使用,原则上工程单位由那一级管理,就在那一级范围内统筹安排。
第五条 水利工程管理单位经营的各项生产服务事业,应在统一领导、统一经营、统一计算盈亏的基础上,实行分级的内部经济核算,考核各项技术经济指标的实际效果。
第六条 水利工程管理单位要加强对财务工作的领导,应按照国务院颁发的《会计人员职权条例》建立和健全财务会计机构,充实财务会计人员,以保证财务工作顺利进行。各单位要确定一位负责人主管财会工作。要有布置、有检查、有总结。支持财会人员履行职权。从政治上、工作
上、生活上关心财会人员。
要建立定期考核制度。对工作积极,钻研业务,坚持原则,廉洁奉公,有显著成绩者,要给予表扬和奖励。对于财会人员履行职权遭受打击报复的事件,要进行严肃处理,情节严重者,要追究法律责任。
财务会计人员要力求稳定,不要随意调动。确需调动,要事先商得本单位会计主管人员或上级机关同意。财会人员调动工作,应按规定办理好移交手续后,方可调离。
第七条 各级水利主管部门对所属水利工程管理单位上报的财务计划和会计报表应进行认真的审核、汇总。年度财务计划和会计报表应报送同级财政部门和上级水利主管部门,并抄送同级农业银行。

第二章 财务计划管理
第八条 水利工程管理单位应根据年度生产、事业任务和技术经济指标,编制年度财务计划,包括财务收支计划表(水计1表)、主要产品成本计划表(水计2表)、财务包干结余分配计划表(水计3表)、专用基金计划表(水计4表);报经主管部门和财政部门审查批准后,作为核
定定额上交、定额补贴和考核计划以及各项技术经济指标完成情况的依据。
批准的年度财务计划,应同时抄送开户的农业银行,据以监督资金的使用。
在编制财务计划时,各项指标应本着积极可靠的原则,使广大职工经过努力能够完成和超额完成。
第九条 为保证年度财务计划的实现,水利工程管理单位应编制季度财务计划。在计划执行过程中,定期进行检查分析,发动群众讨论,总结经验,找出差距,改进工作,不断提高经营管理水平。

第三章 固定资产管理
第十条 水利工程管理单位的房屋、建筑物及设备工具等,凡单位价值在二百元以上,使用年限在一年以上,同时具备这两个条件的,一律列为固定资产。主要生产工具虽未同时具备以上两个条件,但数量较多,也应列为固定资产。
第十一条 水利工程管理单位的固定资产,按照经济用途一般划分为七类:
1.房屋:指车间、仓库、办公用房和职工宿舍等房屋。
2.建筑物:指水利工程的主体和配套工程、电站、渠道、堤坝、涵闸、桥梁、公路等各种建筑物。
3.生产设备:指生产经营用的发电、排灌、加工等机械设备。
4.运输设备:指汽车、拖拉机、船只、胶轮车、平板车等运输设备。
5.工具和仪器:指生产工具、器具及工作仪表、仪器等。
6.经济林木:指成片的果、桑、茶及其他各种经济林木。
7.其他:指不属于以上范围内的其他固定资产。
第十二条 凡生产经营用的房屋、生产设备、运输设备和工具仪器等固定资产,均应提取固定资产基本折旧。提取折旧的办法,一般可以按单项固定资产折旧率计提,也可以按分类折旧率或按全部应提固定资产综合折旧率计提。由各省、自治区、直辖市水利部门根据具体情况,自行决
定。
水利工程管理单位的大坝、堤防、闸坝和渠系等建筑物、桥梁、公路和非生产用固定资产,不提取折旧。如水费标准中包括水工建筑物折旧的,应提取折旧。
固定资产折旧按月初应提折旧的固定资产原价计算,当月增加使用的固定资产当月不提折旧,连续停用一个月以上固定资产不提折旧,当月停用的固定资产当月应照提折旧。
第十三条 水利工程管理单位提取的固定资产折旧基金,主要留给单位用于固定资产的更新改造,各级水利主管部门也可以根据具体情况,适当集中一部分,在所属水利工程管理单位之间调剂使用,集中的比例不得超过30%。
水利工程管理单位过去未提取折旧的,如提取折旧后,收不抵支需要增加补贴的,经水利主管部门和财政部门同意,可少提折旧或暂不提折旧。
第十四条 水利工程管理单位,必须建立和健全固定资产保管、使用、保养、维修、检查和定期清查盘点制度,设置固定资产明细分类帐和固定资产卡片,记录固定资产的增减变动情况。
第十五条 固定资产的调拨,必须经过主管部门的批准。一般应实行有偿调拨,调拨固定资产的变价收入转作单位的“更新改造资金”。
第十六条 固定资产的报废清理,必须由单位领导,技术、财会人员和工人代表进行严格的技术鉴定。确实不能修复的,应填报固定资产报废申请单,报经主管部门批准后,方可拆除清理。固定资产的盘盈、盘亏和报废损失,必须详细说明原因,报经主管部门和财政部门审核批准后才
能转帐或冲销。属于个人失职造成的固定资产损失,应追究经济责任,根据具体情况,严肃处理。

第四章 流动资产管理
第十七条 水利工程管理单位的周转金(流动资金性质)应根据生产情况确定最低需要额。周转金由原来水利工程竣工验收交付使用的流动资金,上级拨入的扶持综合经营的周转金,水利工程管理单位的生产发展基金用于周转的资金解决。周转金只能用于生产周转,不得挪作基本建设
支出。
第十八条 水利工程管理单位,必须严格执行国家现金管理制度。库存现金不得超过银行规定的限额。现金开支的范围,一般只能用于支付职工工资、医药费、办公费、旅差费和不足转帐的小额零星款项。应由银行结算的各种款项,不得使用现金。
现金的收入、支出和保管,一律由出纳人员办理,严禁会计兼管现金。现金的收支业务应根据会计人员审核签证的收付凭证办理,序时逐笔记帐,当日结出余额,并与实存现金核对相符。不准私自挪用现金,不准用白条抵充现金,不准帐外保留现金,超过银行规定限额的库存现金应及
时存入银行。
第十九条 水利工程管理单位,应严格按照国家规定办理银行存款收支事宜。经常掌握银行存款的收、支和结存情况,不得签发空头支票。银行存款的收入和支出,应序时逐笔登记入帐,定期与开户银行的对帐单逐笔核对。
第二十条 各种应收、应付款项,应随时清理结算;各种借入款项,应按规定到期归还;供销业务,应严格履行经济合同,遵守结算纪律,接受银行监督,坚持钱货两清的原则,不要相互占用资金。
第二十一条 水利工程管理单位的物资采购,应根据生产计划和事业任务,编制物资采购计划,经财会部门审查同意后方可进行。对于任意采购计划外物资,财会部门有权拒绝付款。
第二十二条 加强物资管理,建立和健全物资的收、发、领、退制度。物资进出库,必须填制“入库”和“出库”凭证,并及时做好记帐工作,正确反映收、发和结存情况,不准采用“以购(收)作耗”和“以结存倒推消耗”等作法,避免物资丢失,杜绝贪污盗窃现象的发生。
在用低值易耗品,应设置“财产登记备查簿”加以管理,落实到使用部门和个人。
第二十三条 水利工程管理单位,要建立物资定期清查盘点制度,做到帐物相符,帐帐相符。年度终了时,必须对物资进行一次全面清查盘点。对积压物资,要积极进行处理;对盘盈、盘亏和变质毁损物资,要查明原因,分别不同情况,按照规定审批程序处理。

第五章 生产收入管理
第二十四条 水费、电费的征收,应根据中央和地方有关规定执行。
水利工程管理单位要依靠当地党委和政府领导,争取财政、银行、粮食等部门密切配合与支持,做好收取水费、电费的工作。
水利工程管理单位应与用户签订经济合同,明确供用双方的经济责任。
用水用电单位应按合同规定交纳水费、电费,不得拒交或无故拖欠。
第二十五条 水利工程管理单位生产的农副产品和工业产品,应按物价部门规定的价格计价。对外提供劳务要按照当地国营单位价格合理收费。

第六章 生产成本管理
第二十六条 水利工程管理单位必须建立成本核算制度,正确计算生产成本。对主要作业项目如:供水、供电、水产,必须单独核算成本,其他作业项目可根据实际情况实行单独核算成本或综合核算成本。
第二十七条 水利工程管理单位要按《水利工程管理单位会计制度》规定的成本项目核算成本,认真执行成本开支范围的规定,凡属当期负担的生产费用不得跨期分摊,凡属生产成本以外的开支不得挤入生产成本,能分清某个单项作业的费用不得列为共同费用。各个单项作业之间相互
提供水、电、劳务、产品,均应进行内部结算。
第二十八条 加强生产费用的管理,是搞好成本核算工作的一个重要环节,各水利工程管理单位应在搞好班组(单车、单机)核算的基础上,加强成本管理,开展经济活动分析,努力提高劳动生产率,降低材料消耗,加速资金周转,做到“支出按计划,消耗有定额,成本有核算”,促
进生产,节约开支,降低成本,以保证生产和各项经济指标的完成。

第七章 财务包干结余管理
第二十九条 财务包干结余,要坚持大部分用于建立生产发展基金,部分用于建立集体福利基金和职工奖励基金的分配原则,要兼顾国家、单位和个人三者利益。具体分配比例,由水利主管部门会同财政部门根据各水利工程管理单位的具体情况分别核定。
第三十条 水利工程管理单位必须在全面完成“安全”、“效益”、“净收益”三个主要指标的前提下,方可按核定的比例在留用的财务包干结余中提取集体福利基金和职工奖励基金;未全面完成三个主要指标的,水利主管部门和财政部门应核减其提取比例,发生重大责任事故的不予
提取。
完成安全指标,主要指工程安全运用,设备安全运行,未发生重大人身伤亡事故。效益指标应按当年计划效益考核。
第三十一条 自给自足和定额补贴单位,在增收节支中增加的盈利或降低计划亏损,应视同“净收益”指标的完成,可以适当提取一部分集体福利基金和职工奖励基金,列作财务包干结余分配。

第八章 专用基金管理
第三十二条 专用基金是水利工程管理单位内部形成并具有专门用途的资金。一般包括:更新改造资金、生产发展基金、福利基金、职工奖励基金。
专用基金必须坚持“先提后用,专款专用,计划安排,不得超支”的原则,要节约使用,讲求实效。
第三十三条 更新改造资金由按照规定比例留本单位使用的固定资产基本折旧基金和有偿调出或报废清理的固定资产的变价收入组成。主要用于固定资产的更新改造、新产品试制、劳动保护安全措施、零星土建和零星固定资产购置。
第三十四条 生产发展基金是从财务包干结余中按照规定比例提取的资金。主要用于扩大再生产、发展综合经营、工程养护和以丰补歉的储备资金。也可以用于水利工程管理单位生产经营所需的周转金。
第三十五条 福利基金包括按照标准从管理费用中提取的职工福利费,从留用的财务包干结余中提取的集体福利基金和实行公费医疗拨入的职工医药费。主要用于职工医药费、职工生活困难补助、兴办职工集体福利事业和文化设施、改善职工生活条件等开支。职工福利费的开支标准,
仍应按一般事业单位的规定执行。
第三十六条 职工奖励基金是从留用的财务包干结余中提取的用于奖励的资金。
发放职工奖金,必须贯彻按劳分配、多劳多得、鼓励先进的原则,按经济指标完成情况实行记分计奖。水利工程管理单位全年发放的奖金总额,应按照国家有关规定办理。


经劳动部门批准的临时工、合同工、亦工亦农人员,凡按规定可以享受奖金的,应与正式职工同样计发奖金。
第三十七条 福利基金和职工奖励基金的使用和分配必须经过职工代表大会讨论通过。

第九章 事业费专款管理
第三十八条 事业费专款是指水利工程管理单位的上级主管部门拨入不列入财务包干的专项拨款,如特大防汛费、临时发生的工程修复费等,必须贯彻专款专用的原则,按照拨款规定的项目和范围开支,并应按照水利事业费管理要求编报预决算。水利事业费的会计核算,由水利主管部
门规定按《事业单位预算会计制度》或并入《水利工程管理单位会计制度》处理。

第十章 附 则
第三十九条 本办法适用于国家兴建管理的水库、灌区、堤防、闸坝、机电排灌站等水利工程管理单位。
第四十条 本办法自一九八一年起试行。各省、自治区、直辖市水利(水电)厅(局)和财政厅(局)可以根据本办法的精神结合具体情况制定补充规定和实施细则,并报水利部、财政部备查。
附:财务计划表格式(略)




1981年1月31日
法官作为社会公平正义的维护者,是非曲直的裁判者,应该敢于裁判、直面质疑、不畏诘责。

作为建设法治社会的重要参与者和有力推动者,法官应该做到身负担当,心怀责任,努力办好每一起案件,认真对待每一名当事人,让所办案件中的每一名当事人都能切身感受到公平正义。

法官要有敢于裁判的担当。由于受“厌诉”思想的影响,很多群众不到万不得已不会选择诉讼渠道解决纠纷。一旦选择了诉讼渠道,当事人则希望通过诉讼使自己的权益得到维护,至少得到或赢或输的结果,以免长时间经受诉累的煎熬。西方也有法彦“法官不得拒绝裁判”,即法官对于进入诉讼渠道的案件必须给出裁判结果。但是由于社会的复杂,部分法官或者担心当事人上访,或者迫于一方当事人的势力,或者根本没有把心思放在办理案件上,一再要求当事人进行调解却久调不结,或者想尽其他办法对案件进行中止审理或者延期审理,拖延裁判,使案件长期躺在柜子里“睡大觉”。迟到的公正非公正,这些不敢及时做出裁判的行为严重损害了当事人的合法权益,很容易导致小事拖大、大事拖炸的严重后果,损害了司法的权威与公正。如一些事实简单清楚的交通事故案件,原告方受伤严重又无力承担高额的医疗费,部分法官却无视当事人的痛苦与窘迫,对案件一拖再拖,原告方从起诉到最终获得赔偿,少则三五个月,多则八九个月,在漫长的等待里,一些原告因无钱不得不中断治疗致使伤情恶化。这些案件的当事人及亲属很容易对法官的行为产生质疑,也很容易对公正司法产生质疑,甚至会将受害者抬到法院以表不满。因此,作为一名法官,应有敢于及时裁判的担当,不畏权,不图利,能调则调,当判则判,及时查清案件事实,正确适用法律,毫不拖延地作出裁判,定纷止争。

法官要有面对质疑的担当。一些当事人不能正确认识诉讼的规则及风险。一旦案件的裁判结果对自己不利或者没有达到自己的目的,就不可避免地对司法的公正性和法官的廉洁性产生怀疑。甚至有些当事人利用媒体等大肆炒作案件,降低社会公众对司法公正性的评价。为此,作为一名法官,应该有勇气面对质疑,在质疑面前,应该坦坦荡荡,认真听取当事人对案件程序及实体的疑问并耐心细致地从法律、程序、证据方面答疑解惑,消除当事人心头的疑虑,让其心服口服,服判息诉。

法官要有接受诘责的担当。法官承办的案件千差万别,案件当事人的修养素质也各有不同,对案件败诉的接受能力也高低有别,有的案件当事人能够坦然面对败诉,有的案件当事人及其亲属则无法接受案件败诉的结果。这些当事人轻则对法官横加指责,重则围堵、哄闹、冲击法庭,侮辱、谩骂、殴打法官。作为法官,此时应该换位思考,顾及败诉一方当事人的感受,以坦荡的胸襟和宽怀的气度来面对当事人及其亲属的指责,诚恳地与当事人沟通交流,消除当事人的误会,或者引导当事人通过上诉或其他正当渠道反映问题。当然,如果当事人肆无忌惮的行为严重威胁到了法官的人身安全,侵犯了司法的公正与权威,则应该予以惩处。

工业产品质量责任条例(附英文)

国务院


工业产品质量责任条例(附英文)

1986年4月5日,国务院

第一章 总 则
第一条 为了明确工业产品(以下简称产品)质量责任,维护用户和消费者(以下简称用户)的合法权益,保证有计划的商品经济健康发展,促进社会主义现代化建设,特制定本条例。
第二条 产品质量是指国家的有关法规、质量标准以及合同规定的对产品适用、安全和其它特性的要求。产品质量责任是指因产品质量不符合上述要求,给用户造成损失后应承担的责任。
第三条 国家标准化部门负责制定全国统一的国家标准。国家标准应不低于国际标准水平。国家标准可以分级分等。企业主管部门要规定生产企业达到国家标准最高等级的期限。国家物价部门按标准等级,实行按质论价。
第四条 产品的生产、储运、经销企业必须按照本条例的规定,承担产品质量责任。各部门、各地区,特别是企业主管机关必须对产品质量进行管理,监督有关企业坚持质量第一的方针,保证产品质量,承担质量责任;管理和监督不力的也应承坦连带责任。
第五条 质量监督机构、工商行政管理机关必须对产品质量进行监督,维护用户的利益。
第六条 产品的合格证、说明书、优质标志、认证标志等都必须与产品的实际质量水平相一致。产品广告中关于产品质量的说明,必须符合产品的实际质量。
第七条 所有生产、经销企业必须严格执行下列规定:(1)不合格的产品不准出厂和销售;(2)不合格的原材料、零部件不准投料、组装;(3)国家已明令淘汰的产品不准生产和销售;(4)没有产品质量标准、未经质量检验机构检验的产品不准生产和销售;(5)不准弄虚作假、以次充好、伪造商标、假冒名牌。所有生产、经销企业都不得用搭配手段推销产品。

第二章 产品生产企业的质量责任
第八条 产品的生产企业必须保证产品质量符合国家的有关法规、质量标准以及合同规定的要求。产品的生产企业必须建立严密、协调、有效的质量保证体系,要明确规定产品的质量责任。企业必须保证质量检验机构能独立行使监督、检验的职权;严禁对质量检验人员进行打击报复。
第九条 产品出厂,必须符合下列要求:(一)达到本条例第二条规定的质量要求,有检验机构和检验人员签证的产品检验合格证;(二)根据不同特点,有产品名称、规格、型号、成份、含量、重量、用法、生产批号、出厂日期、生产厂家、厂址、产品技术标准编号等文字说明,限时使用的产品应注明失效时间。优质产品必须有标志;(三)实行生产许可证制度的产品,要有许可证编号、批准日期和有效期限;(四)机器、设备、装置、仪表以及耐用消费品,除符合本条(一)、(二)、(三)项要求外,还应有详细的产品使用说明书。内容包括:产品的技术经济参数、使用寿命、使用范围、保证期限、安装方法、维修方法和保存条件、技术保养检修期以及其它有关产品设计参数的有效数据。电器产品,应附有线路图和原理图;(五)包装必须符合国家有关规定和标准。剧毒、危险、易碎、怕压、需防潮、不装倒置的产品,在内外包装上必须有显著的指示标志和储运注意事项。产品包装上必须注明实际重量(净重和毛重);(六)使用商标和分级分等的产品,在产品或包装上应有商标和分级分等标记;(七)符合国家安全、卫生、环境保护和计量等法规的要求。
第十条 达不到国家的有关标准规定等级、仍有使用价值的“处理品”,经企业主管机关批准后,方可降价销售,在产品和包装上必须标出显著的“处理品”字样。违反国家安全、卫生、环境保护、计量等法规要求的产品,必须及时销毁或作必要的技术处理,不得以“处理品”流入市场。不得用“处理品”生产和组装用以销售的产品。
第十一条 在产品保证期限内发现质量不符合第二条要求时,根据不同情况,由产品生产企业对用户和经销企业承坦质量责任:(一)产品的一般零部件、元器件失效,更换后即能恢复使用要求的,应负责按期修复;(二)产品的主要零部件、元器件失效,不能按期修复的,应负责更换合格品;(三)产品因设计、制造等原因造成主要功能不符合第二条要求,用户要求退货的,应负责退还货款;(四)造成经济损失的,还应负责赔偿实际经济损失;(五)由维修服务或经销企业负责产品售后技术服务时,生产企业必须按售后技术服务合同,提供足够的备品、备件和必要的技术支援。

第三章 产品储运企业的质量责任
第十二条 承储、承运、装卸企业必须根据国家有关规定和产品包装上标明的储运要求进行储存、运输和装卸。
第十三条 承储、承运企业在产品入库储存或出库、产品承运或交货时,应按照国家有关规定,严格执行交接验收制度,明确质量责任。确属储存、运输、装卸原因造成产品损伤,承储、承运、装卸企业应分别承担责任,按国家有关规定,赔偿经济损失。

第四章 产品经销企业的质量责任
第十四条 经销企业在进货时,应对产品进行验收,明确产品的质量责任。经销企业出售的产品,必须符合本条例第七条、第九条的规定。
第十五条 经销企业售出的产品在保证期限内发现质量不符合第二条的要求时,应由经销企业负责对用户实行包修、包换、包退、承担赔偿实际经济损失的责任。

第五章 产品质量的监督管理
第十六条 各质量监督机构,按照国家有关规定,单独组织或者会同工商行政管理部门、各行业主管部门、企业主管部门,对产品的生产、储运和经销等各个环节实行经常性的监督抽查,并定期公布抽查产品的质量状况。企业必须如实提供抽查样品,并在检测手段和工作条件方面提供方便。除国家已有规定外,质量监督机构抽查产品,不准向企业收费,以保证监督机构的公正性。质量监督机构所需的技术措施费用和检测费用,按实际需要由国家或地方财政拨款解决。各级经济委员会负责对产品质量监督管理工作进行领导和组织协调。
第十七条 各级行业主管部门和企业主管部门负责本行业产品质量的管理工作,其职责是:在授权范围内,制定或参与制定有关产品质量标准以及有关规章制度,负责产品质量的监督管理,督促企业保证产品质量,完善质量保证系统;组织发放生产许可证。
第十八条 对产品质量实行社会性监督。用户可以向产品生产、储运、经销企业提出质量查询;社团组织可以协助用户参与质量争议的调解、仲裁,支持用户向人民法院起诉。
第十九条 用户按双方协议可以派出代表到生产企业对产品生产过程和产品质量进行现场监督。

第六章 产品质量责任争议的处理
第二十条 因产品质量问题发生争议时,有经济合同的,按《经济合同法》的有关规定执行;没有合同的,争议的任何一方都可提请有关的质量监督机构调解处理,也可向人民法院起诉。
第二十一条 对产品质量的技术检验数据有争议时,当事人或调解、仲裁机构可委托法定的质量检验单位进行仲裁检验,质量检验单位应对提供的仲裁检验数据负责。
第二十二条 除国家另有规定外,质量责任的仲裁请求和起诉,应从当事人知悉或应当知悉权益受损害之日起一年内提出。产品质量责任方愿意承担责任时,不受时效限制。

第七章 罚 则
第二十三条 企业产品质量达不到国家规定的标准,企业主管机关应令其限期整顿。经整顿仍无效者,企业主管机关应令其停产或转产,直至建议有关主管机关撤销生产许可证,吊销营业执照。在整顿期间,企业主管机关视不同情况,可扣发企业负责人和职工的奖金、工资。
第二十四条 生产、经销企业违反本条例规定,有下列行为之一者,由企业主管机关对企业负责人和直接责任者给以行政处分,由工商行政管理机关没收其全部非法收入,并视其情节轻重,处以相当于非法收入的15%至20%的罚款,直至由司法机关追究法律责任。(一)生产、经销掺假产品、冒牌产品,以“处理品”冒充合格品;(二)生产、经销隐匿厂名、厂址的产品;(三)生产、经销没有产品检验合格证的产品;(四)生产、经销国家已明令淘汰的产品;(五)生产、经销国家实行生产许可证制度而到期未取得生产许可证的产品;(六)生产、经销用不合格原材料、零部件生产或组装的产品;(七)生产、经销违反国家安全、卫生、环境保护和计量等法规要求的产品;(八)经销过期失效产品。罚没收入全部上交国家财政。
第二十五条 有质量监督抽查中发现生产和经销企业有第二十四条中列举的行为时,由质量监督机构按第二十四条规定处理。对于不符合本条例第九条第七项规定的,由质量监督机构监督就地销毁或作必要的技术处理,并令生产、经销企业在限期内追回已售出的不合格产品。违反本条例第八条的规定,对质量检验人员进行打击报复的,或质量监督、检验机构工作人员徇私舞弊的,由有关主管机关给予行政处分;情节特别严重的,依法追究刑事责任。
第二十六条 由于产品的质量责任,造成用户人身伤亡,财产损失,触犯刑律的,由司法机关依法追究当事人的刑事责任。
第二十七条 上述处罚,不免除产品质量责任方对用户承担的产品包修、包换、包退、赔偿实际经济损失的责任。

第八章 附 则
第二十八条 有关主管部门可根据本条例的规定,制定实施细则;进出口商品、军用产品及有特殊要求的产品的质量责任可由有关主管部门参照本条例的原则,另行规定。
第二十九条 本条例适用于所有全民、集体所有制企业,个体工商业经营者以及在中国境内的中外合资、合作、外资企业。
第三十条 本条例授权国家经济委员会负责解释。
第三十一条 本条例自一九八六年七月一日起施行。(附英文)

REGULATIONS ON QUALITY RESPONSIBILITY FOR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS

Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)
REGULATIONS ON QUALITY RESPONSIBILITY FOR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
(Promulgated by the State Council on April 5, 1986)

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
The present Regulations are enacted in order to define the quality
responsibility for industrial products ("products" for short hereinafter),
safeguard the legitimate rights of the customer and consumer ("customer"
for short hereinafter), ensure the healthy development of commodity
economy in a planned way, and promote socialist modernization.
Article 2
"Quality of product" refers to the requirement for the applications,
safety and other properties of the products stipulated in related laws and
regulations, quality standards and contracts.
"Quality responsibility for products" refers to the responsibility that
shall be born due to the product's failure to satisfy the above-mentioned
requirements, which leads to loss on the part of the customer.
Article 3
The national standardization department is responsible for drawing up the
unified national standards. The national standards shall not be lower than
the international standards. National standards may be classified and
graded. The competent authorities responsible for the enterprise shall fix
a time limit for achieving the highest grade of the national standards.
The price department of the Central Government shall fix the prices
according to the grades of standards and implement the principle of "price
according to quality".
Article 4
Those enterprises engaging in the production, storing, transporting and
marketing of the product must, in accordance with the stipulations of the
present Regulations, undertake the quality responsibility for the
products.
The various departments, various localities, especially the competent
authorities for the manufacturer must exercise strict control over the
quality of the products, supervise and see that the manufacturer concerned
abides by the principle of "quality first", with a view to guaranteeing
the quality of product and undertaking quality responsibility. Those
failing to exercise effective control and supervision shall also undertake
liability arising therefrom.
Article 5
Quality-supervision agencies and the industry and commerce administration
departments must keep supervision over the quality of product and protect
the interest of the customer.
Article 6
The quality certificate, manuals, "high-quality" sign and identity sign of
a product must all be in conformity with the actual quality level of the
product. The explanation in the advertisement of the product must conform
to the actual quality of the product.
Article 7
All the manufacturers and the marketing firms must observe strictly the
following rules:
(1) unqualified product is forbidden from being dispatched from the
factory or marketed;
(2) unqualified raw materials and parts and components are not allowed to
be put into production or be used for assembly;
(3) it is forbidden to manufacture the products whose elimination the
State has explicitly ordered;
(4) product without the product-quality standard or without being tested
by the state quality-testing organ is not allowed to be manufactured and
marketed;
(5) it is forbidden to plot frauds, to pass of unqualified product as
qualified, to forge trademarks, or to imitate the famous brand products.
All the manufacturers and marketing firms are not allowed to sell their
products by way of coupling-sale.

Chapter II Quality Responsibility of the Product Manufacturer
Article 8
The manufacturer of the product must make sure that the quality of the
product conforms to the requirements laid down by relevant laws and
regulations, quality standards and stipulations of the contract.
The manufacturer of the product must set up a strict, well-coordinated and
effective quality-guarantee system, with a view to fixing the quality
responsibility for the product in an explicit manner.
The manufacturer must see to it that the quality-inspecting organ can
independently perform its functions of supervision and testing. It is
strictly forbidden to retaliate against the quality inspectors.
Article 9
The product shall not leave the factory unless it satisfies the following
requirements:
(1) achieving the quality requirements stipulated in Article 2 of the
present Regulations, and obtaining the quality certificate of the product
issued by testing organ and testing personnel;
(2) having the written explanation of, according to specific
characteristics, the product's name, size, model, ingredients, the
percentage of the ingredients, weight, direction for applications, lot No.
of production, date of production, name of manufacturer, address of the
manufacturer, and the serial number of the technical specifications of the
said product; explicitly specifying the date of expiry in case of a
product with time limit of efficacy. "High-quality" product must bear the
mark thereof;
(3) having the serial number, date of approval and the term of validity of
the production licence in case of a product manufactured under the
production licence system;
(4) machinery, equipment, devices, apparatus and durable consumer goods,
apart from satisfying the requirements in Items (1), (2) and (3) of this
Article, shall be accompanied with detailed instructions on the use of the
product. The content thereof includes: the product's technical-economic
parameters, service life, range of application, term of guarantee, methods
for installation, methods of maintenance and conditions for storing, term
of technical maintenance and repair, and other effective data concerning
the design parameters of the product. Electric products shall be attached
with the circuit diagram and schematic diagram;
(5) the package must conform to the related state regulations and
standards. As regards the products that are drastically poisonous,
dangerous, fragile, can not be laid on by heavy load, needing protection
against moisture, can not be turned upside down, there must be, on both
the external and interior packing, obvious indication marks and notices
for storing and transportation. On the package of the product, there must
be noted explicitly the actual weights (net and gross);
(6) on the product or the package thereof on which the trademark and
quality classification and grading system is applied, there shall be signs
for the said trademark, classification and grading;
(7) conforming to the requirements of the state laws and regulations
concerning safety, hygiene, protection of environment and measuring.
Article 10
The "substandard" goods that fail to achieve the requirements of the
related state standards, but still have some use value, cannot be marketed
at reduced price until having obtained the approval from the competent
authorities of the manufacturer; and on the package there must be clearly
marked with the words of "substandard goods". Products that fail to meet
the requirements of the state laws and regulations concerning safety,
hygiene and environmental protection and measuring must be destroyed or
undergo necessary technical treatment in good time. They are not allowed
to enter the market in the name of "substandard goods".
"Substandard goods" are not allowed to be used to manufacture or assemble
market-oriented products.
Article 11
Within the guarantee period of the product, in case of the quality found
out of line with the requirements stipulated in Article 2, the
manufacturer shall, according to the following different circumstances,
undertake the quality liability to the customer and marketing firm:
(1) the common part or component loses efficacy and therefore, after being
replaced, the performance can immediately be restored; in this case, the
manufacturer shall be responsible for replacing with qualified parts or
components and for restoring the normal performance;
(2) in case that the main part or competent of the product has lost the
efficacy and cannot be repaired within the set period, the manufacturer
shall be responsible for replacing with qualified products;
(3) in case the major function fails to satisfy the requirements of
Article 2 due to such causes as designing and manufacture, if the customer
requires to return the goods, the manufacturer shall refund;
(4) in case of economic loss caused by the quality faults, the
manufacturer shall also compensate for the actual loss;
(5) if maintenance and repair service or marketing firm responsible for
the aftersale technical service, so required and manufacturer must,
according to the contract of aftersale service, supply sufficient standby
products, spare parts and necessary technical support.

Chapter III Quality Responsibility of Enterprises for Storing or Transporting the Product
Article 12
The enterprises which undertake to store, transport, load or unload the
products must conduct the work of the storing, transportation, loading and
unloading in compliance with the relevant state stipulations and the
storing-transporting requirements indicated on the package of the product.
Article 13
In the course of the product entering the warehouse for storing or leaving
the warehouse, undertaking to transport the product or handing over the
product, the enterprise that stores or transports the product shall
observe the pertinent state stipulations and the storing-trans-system of
handing-over and checking before acceptance, so as to define the quality
responsibility. In case it has been testified that the damage of the
product is due to the cause of storage, transport or loading and
unloading, the enterprises which store, transport or load and unload the
product shall bear their respective liabilities and, according to related
government regulations, compensate for the economic loss.

Chapter IV Quality Responsibility of the Marketing Firm of the Product
Article 14
When laying in a stock of merchandise, the marketing firm shall, before
acceptance, test the product, so that the quality responsibility can be
clearly defined. The products sold by the marketing firm must conform to
the requirements stipulated in Articles 7 and 9 of the present
Regulations.
Article 15
In case the product sold by the marketing firm is found not up to the
conditions stipulated in Article 2 within the period of guarantee, the
marketing firm shall be responsible for guaranteed repairing, replacement,
taking back the product and refunding, and undertaking the responsibility
of compensating for the actual economic loss.

Chapter V Supervision and Control over the Quality of Product
Article 16
The various quality-supervising agencies shall, in accordance with the
relevant regulations of the state, organize independently, or together
with the industry and commerce administrative authorities, the responsible
departments of the various trades, and the responsible departments of the
various manufacturers, regular supervisional sample-checking on the
various links such as manufacture, storing, transportation, and marketing,
and regularly publicize the result of the testing of the samples.
Enterprises must honestly furnish the samples for checking and provide
facilities with respect to the testing means and working conditions.
Unless otherwise stated in state regulations, it is not allowed for the
quality-supervising agencies to collect fees from the enterprises for
sample-checking on the product, so as to guarantee the impartiality of the
supervising agencies. The expenses needed for the technical means and
measures and for the test by the quality-supervising agencies shall be
covered by the state or local financial allocations according to the
actual needs.
The economic commission at various levels are responsible for leadership,
organization and coordination of the supervision and control over product
quality.
Article 17
Responsible departments of the trades and responsible departments for the
enterprises at various levels are responsible for the control over the
quality of products in the respective trades within their authorization,
which covers: formulating or taking part in the formulation of the quality
standards for the products in their respective areas of responsibility and
the pertinent rules and regulations, being responsible for supervision and
control over the quality of products, urging the enterprises to ensure the
quality of product, perfecting the quality guaranteeing system, and
organizing the issuance of production licences.
Article 18
Exercise social supervision over the quality of product. The customer can
make inquiries about the quality of the product at the manufacturer, the
enterprises for storing and transporting, and the marketing firms; and the
social associations and organizations can help the customers participate
in the mediation, arbitration over quality disputes, and support the
customers to file lawsuits with the people's court.
Article 19
The customer can, according to the mutual agreement between the customer
and manufacturer, send his representative to the manufacturer to conduct
on-the-spot-supervision over the process of the production and the quality
of the product.

Chapter VI Settlement of Disputes over Quality Responsibility for the Product
Article 20
Any dispute arising from the quality of product shall, provided there is
an economic contract, observe the relevant stipulations in the Economic
Contract Law. In the absence of such contracts, either party to the
dispute can refer the dispute to a relevant quality-supervising agency for
mediation or settlement, or take the case to the people's court.
Article 21
In case of any dispute over the data of technical testing of the quality
of product, the party concerned or the mediating or arbitrating agencies
can entrust legally designated quality-testing unit for arbitral testing;
and the said quality testing unit shall be responsible for the data of the
arbitral testing.
Article 22
Unless otherwise stipulated by the government, the request for arbitration
or prosecution over quality responsibility shall be raised within one year
from the date the party concerned is aware of or should be aware of his
interest and rights being damaged. Where the party bearing the quality
responsibility for the product is willing to bear the responsibility, it
is not limited by the term of validity.

Chapter VII Penalties
Article 23
Where the product of an enterprise fails to reach the state-stipulated
standards, the competent authoritative department of the said enterprise
shall order the enterprise to rectify production within a fixed period.
Where the said rectification within the fixed period turns out to be of no
effect, the competent authoritative department of the said enterprise
shall order it to stop production or switch over to a new line of
products, or even suggest that the relevant authorities revoke the
production licence and the business licence. In the period of
rectification, the competent authoritative department responsible for the
said enterprise may, according to different circumstances, deduct the
bonus and wages of the executive members of the enterprise and of the
staff and workers.
Article 24
Where the manufacturer or marketing firm has committed one of the
following acts in violation of the stipulations of the present
Regulations, the authoritative department responsible for the enterprise
or firm shall mete out disciplinary punishment to the responsible persons
of the enterprise and to the persons bearing direct responsibility; and
the industry and commerce administrative organ shall confiscate all the
illegal income, and impose on it a fine equivalent to 15% to 20% of the
illegal income according to the degree of seriousness of the case; or even
the legal liabilities shall be fixed by the judicial organs through due
investigation.
1. manufacture or market adulterated product or imitated product, or pass
off "substandard" product as qualified;
2. manufacture or market products without indicating the name and address
of the manufacturer;
3. manufacture or market products without quality certificate;
4. manufacture or market products of which the State has issued explicit
order for their elimination;
5. manufacture or market the products on which the State adopts the system
of production licence, but fails to renew the said production licence
after its expiry;
6. manufacture or market products manufactured or assembled with
unqualified raw materials, parts or components;
7. manufacture or market products in violation of the requirements
stipulated by state laws and regulations concerning safety, hygiene,
environmental protection and measuring;
8. market products which have passed the expiry date.
The incomes collected from fines shall be handed to the state treasury.
Article 25
In the course of sample-check on quality supervision, in case it is found
that the manufacturer or marketing firm has committed the act(s) listed in
Article 24, the quality-supervising agency shall treat the case according
to the stipulation in Article 24. As regards the product not in conformity
to the provision of Item (7) of Article 9 of the present Regulations, the
product shall be destroyed on the spot by the quality-supervising agency
or be given the necessary technical treatment; and the manufacturer and
the marketing firm shall be ordered to recover within the given time all
the substandard products that have already been sold.
In case of violation of the stipulations in Article 8 of the present
Regulations, or retaliation against quality-testing personnel, or the
working personnel in quality-supervising and quality-testing agencies act
wrongly out of personal consideration, the responsible authoritative
department shall mete out disciplinary punishment. As regards those of
extraordinary seriousness, criminal liabilities shall be investigated and
fixed according to law.
Article 26
Where the poor quality of the product has resulted in the injury or death
of the customer, and in his loss of property, hence violating the criminal
code, the judicial organs shall investigate and fix the legal liability of
the party concerned.
Article 27
The above-mentioned penalty does not acquit the party bearing the quality
responsibility of its responsibility for the guaranteed repair,
replacement, recovering the product with the money already paid, and the
compensation for the actual economic loss to the customer(s).

Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions
Article 28
The relevant responsible authorities may, in line with the provisions of
the present Regulations, work out the implementing details. The quality
responsibility regulations for import & export products, for goods with
military application as well as goods for special requirements, the
relevant authorities may, with reference to the principles of the present
Regulations, enact separate specific regulations.
Article 29
The present Regulations apply to all enterprises with ownership by the
whole people, enterprises with ownership by the collective, individual
industrial and commercial operators as well as the Chinese-foreign equity
joint ventures, contractual joint ventures, and foreign-capital
enterprises.
Article 30
The State Economic Commission is authorized to interpret the present
Regulations.
Article 31
The present Regulations shall go into force on July 1st, 1986.